What Is Macular Degeneration?
AMD is a condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Over time, the macula can deteriorate, leading to progressive vision loss. There are two types of AMD:
Dry AMD:
- The more common form, characterized by the thinning of the macula.
- Often progresses slowly and may cause mild to moderate vision changes.
- In advanced stages it may lead to Geographic Atrophy (GA).
- There are new treatments available to slow further progression of GA.
Wet AMD:
- A less common but more severe form caused by abnormal blood vessels leaking fluid or blood underneath and into the retina.
- Can lead to rapid and significant vision loss if left untreated.
Symptoms of Macular Degeneration
If you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s important to seek prompt evaluation:
- Blurry or distorted central vision
- Difficulty reading or seeing fine details
- Dark or empty spots in your central vision
- Colors appearing less vibrant
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Aging (most common in individuals over 50)
- Family history of AMD
- Smoking, which significantly increases risk
- Obesity and poor nutrition
- Cardiovascular disease
How We Diagnose Macular Degeneration
At River City Retina Consultants, we use the latest technology to accurately diagnose AMD and determine its stage:
- Dilated Eye Exam: Allows for a detailed view of the retina and macula.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Provides high-resolution images to detect retinal changes.
- Fundus Autofluorescence: assess the health of macular tissue health.
- Fluorescein Angiography: Identifies abnormal blood vessels in wet AMD.
Treatment Options for Macular Degeneration
While there is no cure for AMD, several effective treatments can slow its progression and help preserve vision:
For Dry AMD:
- Nutritional Supplements: Vitamins and minerals, such as those in the AREDS2 formula, can help slow progression in intermediate or advanced stages.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Encouraging a healthy diet rich in leafy greens, quitting smoking, and managing underlying health conditions.
For Wet AMD:
- Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) Injections: Medications (such as Avastin, Lucentis, Eylea and Vabysmo) are injected into the eye to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels.
- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): Uses light-activated medication to target abnormal blood vessels.
- Susvimo Ocular Implant: Inserted surgically in the patient’s eye for continuous delivery of an Anti-VEGF agent.
